How to make proximity sensor at home

 How to make proximity sensor at home

This is circuit diagram 

You can make easily proximity sensor module at home

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You have need all components for making this module

1x bc547 transistor

1x 1 k resistor

1x Ir led

1x ir receiver 

1x 9v battery

1x Buzzer

About of bc547 transistor

BC547 is a bi-polar general purpose NPN transistor that is commonly used in switching and amplifying applications. It can found in relay driver, LED driver and other medium power switching devices and audio or signal amplifiers. The features of the BC547 transistor are

Continuous Collector Current: 800mA

Collector Emitter Voltage: 45V

Base Trigger Voltage: 6V

Current Gain: 800

Type: NPN

Package: TO-92

BC547 Applications

Used both as a Switch and Amplifier in Various Circuits.

Used in Driver Modules like Relay Driver, LED driver etc.

Used in Amplifier modules like Audio amplifiers, signal Amplifier etc.

Darlington pair

About proximity sensor

In this situation, the IR waves emitting from the IR LED will strick the object (placed in the path transmitting IR waves) and gets reflected back. The photodiode is placed in such a way that it senses the reflected IR waves. When it senses the IR waves, its resistance decreases and acts as a short circuit. The current starts to flow into the R2 and voltage is appeared on the non-inverting terminal. If the voltage at the non-inverting terminal is greater than the voltage at the inverting terminal, the op-amp will give output high(5V) and the led starts glowing. (Note: the voltage at the inverting terminal can be varied by varying the pot’s resistance. This is done to change the sensitivity of the sensor. If the pot value is zero, even before the photodiode senses the IR waves, the output of the OP-amp will be high. This means that the sensor has high sensitivity.)